France confirmed the death of the first person infected with the Shamonda virus, which is known to affect cattle, sheep, and goats and was previously considered non-transmissible to humans. The French government asserts that, based on current knowledge of this pathogen, there is no risk to the general public. It emphasized, however, that health authorities are continuing to investigate.
The report specifies that the case occurred in Lyon. The patient, who died earlier this month, suffered from severe immunosuppression, making this likely an exceptional case. “The neurological complications observed in the immunocompromised patient prior to his death were most likely related to infection with the Shamonda virus,” the official statement notes.
According to preliminary evidence, the patient contracted Shamonda virus from an insect bite. A tiny gnat known as the biting midge is known to be the primary route of transfer between animals. Since the virus was first identified in Nigeria in the mid-1960s, sporadic infections have been reported in livestock across Africa as well as in Japan. Cattle are considered the primary host because they develop visible symptoms. (Although sheep and goats can become infected, no obvious clinical signs have been documented in these animals.)
After animal is bitten by a midge carrying Shamonda virus, the infection has an incubation period of two to three days. Symptoms observed in animals include fever, diarrhea, and a decrease in milk production. When pregnant cows have become infected, the virus can cause miscarriages or severe deformations in the calf.
To date, there is no vaccine, so prevention and control measures rely on the use of insecticides and repellents. That doesn’t mean you should panic. Public health authorities are considering the case to be “exceptional,” because the deceased patient was severely immunocompromised.
Still, several European countries are on alert, because until a few months ago, this region was considered free of the virus. However, this summer, a new variant known as Shamonda-Europe was detected in livestock in Switzerland. Other cases were subsequently identified in Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Liechtenstein, Italy, and Spain.
Spain’s Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food states that two genetically distinct forms of the virus, known as Shamonda Type 1 and Shamonda Type 2, have been identified circulating in Europe. It adds that, in early September, infections of both types were confirmed on livestock farms in 37 provinces across France.